Yarn Splitter Machine Safety Design and Risk Control for Textile Workshop
Textile workshops contain multiple inherent safety risks: a large amount of combustible fiber dust, high-speed rotating machinery, electrical circuits in multi-dust environment, and a large number of front-line operators working around the equipment. As a kind of rotating textile processing equipment, yarn splitter machine must comply with local machinery safety standards and textile industry safety specifications in the design stage. Enterprises should also carry out risk identification and safety management for the yarn splitter machine from the aspects of equipment acceptance, daily use, transformation and maintenance, so as to reduce the occurrence of mechanical injury, dust fire and electrical failure accidents.
The safety protection structure of the yarn splitter machine is the first line of defense. The rotating parts such as the main transmission wheel, belt and blade assembly area must be equipped with fixed or interlocking safety protective covers. The interlocking protective cover is widely used on the new generation yarn splitter machine. When the protective cover is opened by the operator for threading or cleaning, the control system will automatically cut off the operation loop of the equipment, and the equipment cannot start running. This design can effectively prevent the operator’s fingers from touching the high-speed rotating blade and roller by mistake. Some old models of yarn splitter machine on the market only use simple fixed iron cover, which needs to be removed with tools during routine operation. This kind of equipment has hidden safety risks. If the enterprise continues to use it, it is recommended to carry out safety renovation and add interlocking protection devices under the guidance of professional machinery safety engineers.
Fiber dust explosion and fire prevention is a special safety requirement for textile machinery including yarn splitter machine. Short fibers and fly yarn will be continuously produced during yarn splitting. When the dust concentration in the local space reaches the limit, once it encounters electric spark, high-temperature friction point, it may trigger combustion. Therefore, the yarn splitter machine should be equipped with a matched centralized dust removal system. The dust suction port should be arranged close to the splitting area, so that the fly yarn can be sucked away in time at the source. The dust collector pipeline needs regular cleaning to prevent fiber accumulation in the pipeline. The electric control cabinet of the yarn splitter machine shall adopt dust-proof and explosion-proof grade suitable for textile dust environment. Electrical components such as switches and contactors shall not produce open electric sparks during switching. It is forbidden to modify the electric control circuit of the yarn splitter machine privately, replace the electrical components with products that do not meet the protection grade, or cancel the overload protection circuit for the sake of not stopping the machine.
Emergency stop function is a necessary safety configuration for every yarn splitter machine. The emergency stop button shall be installed at the position convenient for the operator to reach, usually on the left and right sides of the operation surface of the equipment, and marked with obvious red identification. After pressing the emergency stop button, the equipment shall cut off the power of the driving part quickly, and the rotating parts shall stop steadily within the specified braking distance. The emergency stop circuit needs to be checked regularly every month. The operator can simulate emergency stop action to test whether the response is sensitive. It is worth noting that the emergency stop is only used for accident risk disposal. After the emergency stop is triggered, the cause must be checked and eliminated, and the emergency stop button needs to be reset manually before restarting the equipment. It cannot be used as a conventional stop switch for normal production.
The safety risk of maintenance work is easy to be ignored. Many maintenance accidents of yarn splitter machine occur in the process of troubleshooting and replacing blades. The safety lockout and tagout procedure shall be implemented before maintenance: cut off the total power supply of the equipment, lock the power isolation switch, hang the maintenance warning sign, and confirm that there is no residual electricity in the circuit. For parts with inertia rotation, wait for the rotating parts to stop completely before approaching. When replacing the splitting blade, wear cut-resistant gloves to avoid scratch by the sharp blade. Waste old blades shall be collected into special hard containers, and shall not be randomly stacked in the workshop to prevent stab injury to cleaning personnel and other operators.
Personnel safety training is an indispensable part of risk control. New operators must receive safety training and operation assessment before being allowed to operate the yarn splitter machine. The training content includes identification of warning marks, correct use of protective equipment, emergency stop operation, handling measures when yarn is wound on the roller, and evacuation route in case of fire. Operators shall wear tight work clothes, and it is forbidden to wear loose cuffs, scarves and long hair without tying up, so as to prevent clothes and hair from being involved in rotating rollers. Protective glasses can be configured according to the actual situation. When a large amount of fly yarn and broken filaments splash during splitting, the glasses can protect the eyes.
When enterprises purchase yarn splitter machine, they should check the conformity certificate, safety instruction manual and related test documents provided by the supplier. The manual should clearly mark the hazard area of the equipment, the list of safe operating limits and the prohibited operations. For customized modified equipment, the safety performance after modification shall be re-evaluated. It is not allowed to remove the safety protection parts blindly in order to improve the operation convenience. Safety and production efficiency are not contradictory. Stable safety management can reduce unexpected shutdowns caused by accidents and avoid economic losses and personnel injury risks brought by safety accidents.
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